GB17915-1999 腐蚀性商品储藏养护技术条件
GB17915-1999
腐蚀性商品储藏养护技术条件
Specifications for storage and preservation of corrosive goods
自 2000-4-1 起执行
前言
本标准是为规范化学危险品中腐蚀性物品的储藏管理，保证腐蚀品在储藏过程中的安全而制定的。
本标准是根据多年来对腐蚀品储藏养护的实践经验，对常见腐蚀品在储藏过程中适宜的贮存条件的多次试验取得的数据，并参考了国家对危险货物贮存运输的法律、法规，对腐蚀品的合理、安全贮存做了具体的规定。
本标准的附录A、附录B都是标准的附录。
本标准的附录C是提示的附录。
本标准是由国家国内贸易局提出。
本标准起草单位:北京市商业储运公司。
本标准主要起草人:李家珂、张桂荣、李小平。
1 范围
本标准规定了腐蚀性商品的储藏条件、储藏技术、储藏期限等技术要求。
本标准适用于GB6944和GB12268规定的腐蚀品。
2 引用标准
下列标准所包含的条文，通过在本标准中引用而构成为本标准的条文。本标准出版时，所示版本均为有效。所有标准都会被修订，使用本标准的各方应探讨使用下列标准最新版本的可能性。
GB190—1990 危险货物包装标志
GB191—1990 包装储运图示标志
GB6944—1986 危险货物分类和品名编号
GB12268—1990 险货物品名表
GB12463—1990 危险货物运输包装通用技术条件
GBJ16—1987 建筑设计防火规范
3 储藏条件
3(1 库房条件
库房应是阴凉、干燥、通风、避光的防火建筑。建筑材料最好经过防腐蚀处理。
3(1(1 储藏发烟硝酸、溴素、高氯酸的库房应是低温、干燥通风的一、二级耐火建筑。
3(1(2 溴氢酸、碘氢酸要避光储藏。
3(2 货棚、露天货场条件
货棚应阴凉、通风、干燥，露天货场应地面高、干燥。
3(3 安全条件
on duty day and night, and led by the site shift, full-time staff, found problems resolved in a timely manner. 3) material preparation: raincoat, rubber boots, shovels, plastic sheeting, 130 cars, submersible pumps, water pipes, sewage pump, sheet. 8.6.1.2 in rainy season construction measure 1 ... 1) safety precautions a. after rain, organize relevant personnel in a timely manner on the shelves, electrical and mechanical equipment, such as program check, found hidden immediately for resolution. B. electrical and non-electrical personnel not to move equipment. Regular maintenance of overhead lines, found that the problem resolved in a timely manner. C. distribution boxes, switch boxes, surface electrical equipment should with rainproof measures. Iron gate box skin electric equipment ground fault protection, leakage protection device is in accordance with the regulations. 2) fire-fighting measures a. fire-fighting equipment must be protected against rain, moisture, Sun protection, underground fire hydrants of the well is not lower than the General floor. B. acetylene and oxygen cylinders to have a sun protection and strict control of inventories. C. After Sun or rain, burning, explosion-prone items should be kept properly kept, and good ventilation, Sun-proof, moisture-proof. 8.6.2 summer construction measures 8.6.2.1 summer and common characteristic is the high temperature, the water evaporates in the dry season, and prone to shrinkage cracks on concrete surface, and should seek to prevent sun exposure, reduce moisture evaporation, timely pouring time covered and moist curing. 8.6.2.2 avoid pouring. To make full use of 6 o'clock in the afternoon to finish construction before the next day at 10 o'clock. 8.6.2.3 prepare enough coverage tools, awnings, if necessary, to prevent direct sunlight, and awning can also be used in the rain. 8.6.2.4 due to high temperatures in the summer, should pay attention to the safety of construction workers, should be prepared to heatstroke prevention medicine.
3(3(1 商品避免阳光直射、曝晒、远离热源、电源、火源，库房建筑及各种设备符合GBJ16的规定。
3(3(2 按不同类别、性质、危险程度、灭火方法等分区分类储藏，性质相抵的禁止同库储藏。附录A(标准的附录)给出了化学危险物品混存性能互抵表。
3(4 环境卫生条件
3(4(1 库房地面、门窗、货架应经常打扫，保持清洁。
3(4(2 库区内的杂物、易燃物应及时清理，排水沟保持畅通。
3(5 温湿度条件
温湿度条件应符合表1规定。
表1 温湿度条件
4 入库验收
4(1 验收原则
4(1(1 入库商品必须附有生产许可证和产品检验合格证，进口商品必须附有中文安全技术说明书。
4(1(2 商品性状、理化常数应符合产品标准，由存货方负责检验。
4(1(3 保管方对商品外观、内外标志、容器包装及衬垫进行感官检验。
4(1(4 验收在库房外安全地点或验收室进行。
4(1(5 每种商品拆箱验收2~5箱(免检商品除外)，发现问题扩大验收比例，验后将商品包装复原，并做标记。
4(2 验收项目
4(2(1 包装:符合GB12463的规定。
4(2(1(1 内外包装应有如下标志:
a) 品名;
b) 规格;
c) 等级;
d) 数(重)量;
on duty day and night, and led by the site shift, full-time staff, found problems resolved in a timely manner. 3) material preparation: raincoat, rubber boots, shovels, plastic sheeting, 130 cars, submersible pumps, water pipes, sewage pump, sheet. 8.6.1.2 in rainy season construction measure 1 ... 1) safety precautions a. after rain, organize relevant personnel in a timely manner on the shelves, electrical and mechanical equipment, such as program check, found hidden immediately for resolution. B. electrical and non-electrical personnel not to move equipment. Regular maintenance of overhead lines, found that the problem resolved in a timely manner. C. distribution boxes, switch boxes, surface electrical equipment should with rainproof measures. Iron gate box skin electric equipment ground fault protection, leakage protection device is in accordance with the regulations. 2) fire-fighting measures a. fire-fighting equipment must be protected against rain, moisture, Sun protection, underground fire hydrants of the well is not lower than the General floor. B. acetylene and oxygen cylinders to have a sun protection and strict control of inventories. C. After Sun or rain, burning, explosion-prone items should be kept properly kept, and good ventilation, Sun-proof, moisture-proof. 8.6.2 summer construction measures 8.6.2.1 summer and common characteristic is the high temperature, the water evaporates in the dry season, and prone to shrinkage cracks on concrete surface, and should seek to prevent sun exposure, reduce moisture evaporation, timely pouring time covered and moist curing. 8.6.2.2 avoid pouring. To make full use of 6 o'clock in the afternoon to finish construction before the next day at 10 o'clock. 8.6.2.3 prepare enough coverage tools, awnings, if necessary, to prevent direct sunlight, and awning can also be used in the rain. 8.6.2.4 due to high temperatures in the summer, should pay attention to the safety of construction workers, should be prepared to heatstroke prevention medicine.
e) 生产日期(批号);
f) 生产工厂;
g) 储运图示:应符合GB191的规定。
h) 腐蚀品标志:应符合GB190的规定。
4(2(1(2 包装封闭严密，完好无损，无水湿、污染。
4(2(1(3 包装、容器衬垫适当，安全、牢固。
4(2(2 质量(感官)
4(2(2(1 商品性状、颜色、粘稠度、透明度均应符合产品标准。
4(2(2(2 液体商品颜色 无异状，无挥发，无沉淀，无杂质。
4(2(2(3 固体商品无变色，无潮解，无溶化等现象。
4(2(3 验收结果处理
4(2(3(1 验收不符合4.2规定的不得入库，暂存观察室，通知存货方另行处理。
4(2(3(2 验收完毕，合格的签收入库，填写验收记录，转存货方。
5 堆垛
商品堆朵要符合“安全、方便”的原则，便于堆码、检查和消防扑救。充分利用仓容，货垛整齐美观。
5(1 堆垛方法
5(1(1 库房、货棚或露天货场贮存的商品，货垛下应有隔潮设施，库房一般不低于15cm，货场不低于30cm。
5(1(2 根据商品性质、包装规格采用适当的堆垛方法，要求货垛整齐，堆码牢固，数量准确，禁止倒置。
5(1(3 按出厂先后或批号分别堆垛。
5(2 堆垛高度
a) 大铁桶液体立码，固体平放，一般不超过3m;
b) 大箱(内装坛、桶)1.5m;
c) 化学试剂木箱2~3m;
d) 袋装3~3.5m。
5( 3 堆垛间距
a) 主通道大于等于180cm;
b) 支通道大于等于80cm;
c) 墙距大于等于30cm;
d) 柱距大于等于10cm;
e) 垛距大于等于10cm;
f) 顶距大于等于50cm。
6 养护技术
6(1 温湿度管理
6(1(1 库房内设置温湿度计，按时观测、记录。
6(1(2 根据库房条件、商品性质，采用机械(要有防护措施)自控、自然等方法通风、去湿、保温。控制与调节库内温湿度在适宜范围之内。温湿度应符合表1的要求。 on duty day and night, and led by the site shift, full-time staff, found problems resolved in a timely manner. 3) material preparation: raincoat, rubber boots, shovels, plastic sheeting, 130 cars, submersible pumps, water pipes, sewage pump, sheet. 8.6.1.2 in rainy season construction measure 1 ... 1) safety precautions a. after rain, organize relevant personnel in a timely manner on the shelves, electrical and mechanical equipment, such as program check, found hidden immediately for resolution. B. electrical and non-electrical personnel not to move equipment. Regular maintenance of overhead lines, found that the problem resolved in a timely manner. C. distribution boxes, switch boxes, surface electrical equipment should with rainproof measures. Iron gate box skin electric equipment ground fault protection, leakage protection device is in accordance with the regulations. 2) fire-fighting measures a. fire-fighting equipment must be protected against rain, moisture, Sun protection, underground fire hydrants of the well is not lower than the General floor. B. acetylene and oxygen cylinders to have a sun protection and strict control of inventories. C. After Sun or rain, burning, explosion-prone items should be kept properly kept, and good ventilation, Sun-proof, moisture-proof. 8.6.2 summer construction measures 8.6.2.1 summer and common characteristic is the high temperature, the water evaporates in the dry season, and prone to shrinkage cracks on concrete surface, and should seek to prevent sun exposure, reduce moisture evaporation, timely pouring time covered and moist curing. 8.6.2.2 avoid pouring. To make full use of 6 o'clock in the afternoon to finish construction before the next day at 10 o'clock. 8.6.2.3 prepare enough coverage tools, awnings, if necessary, to prevent direct sunlight, and awning can also be used in the rain. 8.6.2.4 due to high temperatures in the summer, should pay attention to the safety of construction workers, should be prepared to heatstroke prevention medicine.
6(2 在库检查
6(2(1 安全检查
6(2(1(1 每天对库房内外进行检查，检查易燃物是否清理，货垛是否牢固，有无异常，库房内有无过浓刺激性气味。
6(2(1(2 遇特殊天气及时检查商品有无水湿受损，货场货垛苫垫是否严密。
6(2(2 商品质量检查
6(2(2(1 根据商品性质，定期进行感官质量检查，每种商品抽查1~2件，发现问题，扩大检查比例。
6(2(2(2 检查商品包装、封口、衬垫有无破损、渗漏，商品外观有无质量变化。
6(2(2(3 入库检个的商品，抽检其重量以计算保管损耗。
6(2(3 检查结果问题处理
6(2(3(1 检查结果逐项记录，在商品外包装上做出标记。
6(2(3(2 发现问题积极采取措施进行防治，同时通知存货方及时处理。
6(2(3(3 对接近有效期商品和冷背残次商品应填写催调单报存货方。
7 安全操作
7(1 操作人员必须穿工作服，戴护目镜、胶皮手套、胶皮围裙等必要的防护用具。
7(2 操作时必须轻搬轻放，严禁背负肩扛，防止摩擦震动和撞击。
7(3 不能使用沾染异物和能产生火花的机具，作业现场远离热源和火源。
7(4 分装、改装、开箱质量检查等在库房外进行。
8 储藏期限
根据各种腐蚀品的生产日期和有效期而定。
9 出库
按生产日期和批号顺序先后出库。
10 应急情况处理
10(1 消防方法见附录B(标准的附录)
10(2 消防人员灭火时应在上风口处并配戴防毒面具。禁止用高压水(对强酸)以防爆溅伤人。
10(3 进入口内立即用大量水漱口，服大量冷开水催吐或用氧化镁乳剂洗胃。呼吸道受到刺激或呼吸中毒立即转移至新鲜空气处吸氧。接触眼睛或皮肤，用大量水或小苏打水冲洗后敷氧化锌软膏，然后送医院诊治。灼伤或中毒急救参见附录C(提示的附录)。
附录A
(标准的附录)
化学危险物品混存性能互抵表
on duty day and night, and led by the site shift, full-time staff, found problems resolved in a timely manner. 3) material preparation: raincoat, rubber boots, shovels, plastic sheeting, 130 cars, submersible pumps, water pipes, sewage pump, sheet. 8.6.1.2 in rainy season construction measure 1 ... 1) safety precautions a. after rain, organize relevant personnel in a timely manner on the shelves, electrical and mechanical equipment, such as program check, found hidden immediately for resolution. B. electrical and non-electrical personnel not to move equipment. Regular maintenance of overhead lines, found that the problem resolved in a timely manner. C. distribution boxes, switch boxes, surface electrical equipment should with rainproof measures. Iron gate box skin electric equipment ground fault protection, leakage protection device is in accordance with the regulations. 2) fire-fighting measures a. fire-fighting equipment must be protected against rain, moisture, Sun protection, underground fire hydrants of the well is not lower than the General floor. B. acetylene and oxygen cylinders to have a sun protection and strict control of inventories. C. After Sun or rain, burning, explosion-prone items should be kept properly kept, and good ventilation, Sun-proof, moisture-proof. 8.6.2 summer construction measures 8.6.2.1 summer and common characteristic is the high temperature, the water evaporates in the dry season, and prone to shrinkage cracks on concrete surface, and should seek to prevent sun exposure, reduce moisture evaporation, timely pouring time covered and moist curing. 8.6.2.2 avoid pouring. To make full use of 6 o'clock in the afternoon to finish construction before the next day at 10 o'clock. 8.6.2.3 prepare enough coverage tools, awnings, if necessary, to prevent direct sunlight, and awning can also be used in the rain. 8.6.2.4 due to high temperatures in the summer, should pay attention to the safety of construction workers, should be prepared to heatstroke prevention medicine.
说明:“?”符号表示可以混存;
“×”符号表示不可以混存;
“分”指应按化学危险品的分类进行分区分类贮存。如果物品不多或仓位不够时，因其性能并不互相抵触，也可以混存;
“消”指两种物品性并能不互相抵触，但消防施救方法不同，条件许可时最好分存;
? 说明过氧化钠等氧化物不宜和无机氧化剂混存。
? 说明具有还原性的亚硝酸钠等亚硝酸盐类，不宜和其他无机氧化剂混存。
凡混存物品，货垛与货垛之间，必须留有1m以上的距离，并要求包装容器完整，不使两种物品发生接触。
附录B
on duty day and night, and led by the site shift, full-time staff, found problems resolved in a timely manner. 3) material preparation: raincoat, rubber boots, shovels, plastic sheeting, 130 cars, submersible pumps, water pipes, sewage pump, sheet. 8.6.1.2 in rainy season construction measure 1 ... 1) safety precautions a. after rain, organize relevant personnel in a timely manner on the shelves, electrical and mechanical equipment, such as program check, found hidden immediately for resolution. B. electrical and non-electrical personnel not to move equipment. Regular maintenance of overhead lines, found that the problem resolved in a timely manner. C. distribution boxes, switch boxes, surface electrical equipment should with rainproof measures. Iron gate box skin electric equipment ground fault protection, leakage protection device is in accordance with the regulations. 2) fire-fighting measures a. fire-fighting equipment must be protected against rain, moisture, Sun protection, underground fire hydrants of the well is not lower than the General floor. B. acetylene and oxygen cylinders to have a sun protection and strict control of inventories. C. After Sun or rain, burning, explosion-prone items should be kept properly kept, and good ventilation, Sun-proof, moisture-proof. 8.6.2 summer construction measures 8.6.2.1 summer and common characteristic is the high temperature, the water evaporates in the dry season, and prone to shrinkage cracks on concrete surface, and should seek to prevent sun exposure, reduce moisture evaporation, timely pouring time covered and moist curing. 8.6.2.2 avoid pouring. To make full use of 6 o'clock in the afternoon to finish construction before the next day at 10 o'clock. 8.6.2.3 prepare enough coverage tools, awnings, if necessary, to prevent direct sunlight, and awning can also be used in the rain. 8.6.2.4 due to high temperatures in the summer, should pay attention to the safety of construction workers, should be prepared to heatstroke prevention medicine.
(标准的附录)
部分腐蚀品消防方法
表B1
on duty day and night, and led by the site shift, full-time staff, found problems resolved in a timely manner. 3) material preparation: raincoat, rubber boots, shovels, plastic sheeting, 130 cars, submersible pumps, water pipes, sewage pump, sheet. 8.6.1.2 in rainy season construction measure 1 ... 1) safety precautions a. after rain, organize relevant personnel in a timely manner on the shelves, electrical and mechanical equipment, such as program check, found hidden immediately for resolution. B. electrical and non-electrical personnel not to move equipment. Regular maintenance of overhead lines, found that the problem resolved in a timely manner. C. distribution boxes, switch boxes, surface electrical equipment should with rainproof measures. Iron gate box skin electric equipment ground fault protection, leakage protection device is in accordance with the regulations. 2) fire-fighting measures a. fire-fighting equipment must be protected against rain, moisture, Sun protection, underground fire hydrants of the well is not lower than the General floor. B. acetylene and oxygen cylinders to have a sun protection and strict control of inventories. C. After Sun or rain, burning, explosion-prone items should be kept properly kept, and good ventilation, Sun-proof, moisture-proof. 8.6.2 summer construction measures 8.6.2.1 summer and common characteristic is the high temperature, the water evaporates in the dry season, and prone to shrinkage cracks on concrete surface, and should seek to prevent sun exposure, reduce moisture evaporation, timely pouring time covered and moist curing. 8.6.2.2 avoid pouring. To make full use of 6 o'clock in the afternoon to finish construction before the next day at 10 o'clock. 8.6.2.3 prepare enough coverage tools, awnings, if necessary, to prevent direct sunlight, and awning can also be used in the rain. 8.6.2.4 due to high temperatures in the summer, should pay attention to the safety of construction workers, should be prepared to heatstroke prevention medicine.
on duty day and night, and led by the site shift, full-time staff, found problems resolved in a timely manner. 3) material preparation: raincoat, rubber boots, shovels, plastic sheeting, 130 cars, submersible pumps, water pipes, sewage pump, sheet. 8.6.1.2 in rainy season construction measure 1 ... 1) safety precautions a. after rain, organize relevant personnel in a timely manner on the shelves, electrical and mechanical equipment, such as program check, found hidden immediately for resolution. B. electrical and non-electrical personnel not to move equipment. Regular maintenance of overhead lines, found that the problem resolved in a timely manner. C. distribution boxes, switch boxes, surface electrical equipment should with rainproof measures. Iron gate box skin electric equipment ground fault protection, leakage protection device is in accordance with the regulations. 2) fire-fighting measures a. fire-fighting equipment must be protected against rain, moisture, Sun protection, underground fire hydrants of the well is not lower than the General floor. B. acetylene and oxygen cylinders to have a sun protection and strict control of inventories. C. After Sun or rain, burning, explosion-prone items should be kept properly kept, and good ventilation, Sun-proof, moisture-proof. 8.6.2 summer construction measures 8.6.2.1 summer and common characteristic is the high temperature, the water evaporates in the dry season, and prone to shrinkage cracks on concrete surface, and should seek to prevent sun exposure, reduce moisture evaporation, timely pouring time covered and moist curing. 8.6.2.2 avoid pouring. To make full use of 6 o'clock in the afternoon to finish construction before the next day at 10 o'clock. 8.6.2.3 prepare enough coverage tools, awnings, if necessary, to prevent direct sunlight, and awning can also be used in the rain. 8.6.2.4 due to high temperatures in the summer, should pay attention to the safety of construction workers, should be prepared to heatstroke prevention medicine.
附录C
(提示的附录)
急救方法
C1 强酸
皮肤沾染用大量水冲洗，或用小苏打、肥皂水洗涤，必要时敷软膏;溅入眼睛用温水冲洗后，再用5%小苏打溶液或硼酸水洗;进入口内立即用大量水漱口，服大量冷开水催吐，或用氧化镁悬浊液洗胃;呼吸中毒立即移至空气新鲜处保持体温，必要时吸氧。
C2 强碱
接触皮肤用大量水冲洗，或用硼酸水、稀乙酸冲洗后涂氧化锌软膏;触及眼睛用温水冲洗;吸入中毒者(氢氧化氨)移至空气新鲜处;严重者送医院治疗。
C3 氢氟酸
接触眼睛或皮肤，立即用清水冲洗20min以上，可用稀氨水敷浸后保暖，再送医治。
C4 高氯酸
皮肤沾染后用大量温水及肥皂水冲洗，溅入眼内用温水或稀硼砂水冲洗。
C5 氯化铬酰
皮肤受伤用大量水冲洗后，用硫代硫酸钠敷伤处后送医诊治;误入口内用温水或2%硫代硫酸钠洗胃。
C6 氯磺酸
皮肤受伤用水冲洗后再用小苏打溶液洗涤，并以甘油和氧化镁润湿绷带包扎，送医诊治。
C7 溴(溴素)
皮肤灼伤以苯洗涤，再涂抹油膏;呼吸器官受伤可嗅氨。
C8甲醛溶液
接触皮肤先用大量水冲洗，再用酒精洗后涂甘油;呼吸中毒可移到新鲜空气处，用2%碳酸氢钠溶液雾化吸入以解除呼吸道刺激，然后送医院治疗。
发布单位:国家质量技术监督局 1999-11-29
提出单位:国家国内贸易局
起草单位:北京市商业储运公司
批准单位:国家质量技术监督局 1999-11-29
on duty day and night, and led by the site shift, full-time staff, found problems resolved in a timely manner. 3) material preparation: raincoat, rubber boots, shovels, plastic sheeting, 130 cars, submersible pumps, water pipes, sewage pump, sheet. 8.6.1.2 in rainy season construction measure 1 ... 1) safety precautions a. after rain, organize relevant personnel in a timely manner on the shelves, electrical and mechanical equipment, such as program check, found hidden immediately for resolution. B. electrical and non-electrical personnel not to move equipment. Regular maintenance of overhead lines, found that the problem resolved in a timely manner. C. distribution boxes, switch boxes, surface electrical equipment should with rainproof measures. Iron gate box skin electric equipment ground fault protection, leakage protection device is in accordance with the regulations. 2) fire-fighting measures a. fire-fighting equipment must be protected against rain, moisture, Sun protection, underground fire hydrants of the well is not lower than the General floor. B. acetylene and oxygen cylinders to have a sun protection and strict control of inventories. C. After Sun or rain, burning, explosion-prone items should be kept properly kept, and good ventilation, Sun-proof, moisture-proof. 8.6.2 summer construction measures 8.6.2.1 summer and common characteristic is the high temperature, the water evaporates in the dry season, and prone to shrinkage cracks on concrete surface, and should seek to prevent sun exposure, reduce moisture evaporation, timely pouring time covered and moist curing. 8.6.2.2 avoid pouring. To make full use of 6 o'clock in the afternoon to finish construction before the next day at 10 o'clock. 8.6.2.3 prepare enough coverage tools, awnings, if necessary, to prevent direct sunlight, and awning can also be used in the rain. 8.6.2.4 due to high temperatures in the summer, should pay attention to the safety of construction workers, should be prepared to heatstroke prevention medicine.
